Kajian Mikroplastik pada Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) di Teluk Palu

Roni Hermawan; Nur Hasanah; Aswad Eka Putra; Andi Heryanti Rukka; Musayyadah Tis'in; Salim Salim

doi:10.22487/jiagrisains.v25i3.2024.192–202

Authors

Roni Hermawan Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan, Universitas Tadulako, Jl. Soekarno Hatta km 9, Kota Palu, Indonesia, 94118
Nur Hasanah Program Studi Sumberdaya Akuatik, Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan, Universitas Tadulako, Jl. Soekarno Hatta km 9, Kota Palu, Indonesia, 94118
Aswad Eka Putra Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan, Universitas Tadulako, Jl. Soekarno Hatta km 9, Kota Palu, Indonesia, 94118
Andi Heryanti Rukka Program Studi Akuakultur, Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan, Universitas Tadulako, Jl. Soekarno Hatta km 9, Kota Palu, Indonesia, 94118
Musayyadah Tis'in Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan, Universitas Tadulako, Jl. Soekarno Hatta km 9, Kota Palu, Indonesia, 94118
Salim Salim Program Studi Akuakultur, Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan, Universitas Tadulako, Jl. Soekarno Hatta km 9, Kota Palu, Indonesia, 94118

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22487/jiagrisains.v25i3.2024.192–202

Keywords:

Mikroplastik, pencernaan, polusi plastik, Rastrelliger sp., Teluk Palu

Abstract

Keberadaan mikroplastik semakin meningkat seiring meningkatnya ketergantungan aktifitas manusia terhadap plastik. Limbah plastik yang terbuang dan luruh menjadi mikroplastik di laut meningkatkan konsentrasi mikroplastik di laut. Kandungan mikroplastik dalam ikan perlu diketahui mengingat tingginya konsumsi ikan laut lokal di Kota Palu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung konsentrasi mikroplastik pada sistem pencernaan ikan kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) di Teluk Palu dan mengkaji jenis kandungan plastik yang terdapat pada pencernaan ikan kembung Teluk Palu. Sampling ikan yang diambil adalah ikan hasil tangkapan nelayan lokal Teluk Palu, sampel yang diambil adalah ikan yang segar. Pengukuran mikroplastik dilakukan dengan metode destruksi bahan organik pada saluran pencernaan ikan menggunakan larutan KOH 10% dan H2O2 50%, perendaman antara 24 hingga 60 jam tergantung ukuran saluran pencernaan. Setelah bahan organik larut, sampel akan diamati menggunakan mikroskop untuk mengamati kandungan mikroplastik pada sampel, untuk memastikan bahwa objek yang dianalisa adalah mikroplastik dilakukan metode Hot Needle Test. Berdasarkan hasil analisa sampel mikroplastik di Teluk Palu dari 95 sampel ikan kembung ditemukan 4 sampel ikan yang terpapar mikroplastik dengan konsentrasi rata-rata 1,66±0,35 partikel/g berat ikan yang terpapar mikroplastik.

References

Alberghini, L., Truant, A., Santonicola, S., Colavita, G., & Giaccone, V. (2023). Microplastics in Fish and Fishery Products and Risks for Human Health: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1). 789.

Andrady, A. L., Barnes, P. W., Bornman, J. F., Gouin, T., Madronich, S., White, C. C., Zepp, R. G., & Jansen, M. A. K. (2022). Oxidation and fragmentation of plastics in a changing environment; from UV-radiation to biological degradation. Science of the Total Environment, 851(August), 158022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158022

Anggraini, R., Risjani, Y., & Yanuhar, U. (2020). Quantification and Detection of Micrplastic Contamination in the Gills and Digestive Tract of Rastrelliger Sp: A Study on Marine Environmental Health. Available at SSRN 4848579., 12(1), 167–180.

Arisanti, G. (2023). Analisis Mikroplastik Pada Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger Sp.) di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Belawan, Sumatera Utara. Water and Marine Pollution Journal: PoluSea, 1(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.polusea.2023.001.01.4 p.111243 p.111243

Bessa, F., Barría, P., Neto, J. M., Frias, J. P. G. L., Otero, V., Sobral, P., & Marques, J. C. (2018). Occurrence of microplastics in commercial fish from a natural estuarine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128(January), 575–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.044

Brouzet, C., Guiné, R., Dalbe, M., Favier, B., Vandenberghe, N., Villermaux, E., Verhille, G., Brouzet, C., Guiné, R., Dalbe, M., Favier, B., & Vandenberghe, N. (2021). Laboratory model for plastic fragmentation in the turbulent ocean. Disertasi tidak diterbitkan. College of Professional Studies Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts.

Budiarti, E. C. (2021). Identifikasi Mikroplastik pada Feses Manusia. Environmental Pollution Journal, 1, 87–88. https://journalecoton.id/index.php/epj

Cahyani, F. A., Jaya, B. P. M., & Wijaya, D. (2023). Marine Waste Management Policy As An Effort To Prevent Environmental Pollution And Sustainability Of Marine Ecosystems: Indonesia Perspective. Jurnal Legalitas, 16(2), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.33756/jelta.v16i2.21158

Candra, K. A. (2023). Waste in Gresik and Sidoarjo. 3(November), 833–840.

Chen, Q., Wang, Q., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Dong, Z., & Xu, Q. (2021). Aging simulation of thin-film plastics in different environments to examine the formation of microplastic. Water Research. Volume 202, 117462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117462

Cole, M. (2014). The impacts of microplastics on zooplankton. PhD Thesis, University of Exeter, GB, March, 137. https://www.researchgate.net/project/The-impact-of-microplastics-on-zooplankton/update/58fdf93082999cfc94633335

Cole, M. (2016). A novel method for preparing microplastic fibers. Scientific Reports, 6(October), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34519

Cverenkárová, K., Valachovičová, M., Mackul’ak, T., Žemlička, L., & Bírošová, L. (2021). Microplastics in the food chain. Life, 11(12), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121349

De Witte, B., Catarino, A. I. ., Vandecasteele, L., Dekimpe, M., Meyers, N., Deloof, D., Pint, S., Everaert, G., & Torreele, E. (2021). Extraction and Quantification of Microplastics in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Fish. Version 2, 1–4. https://hdl.handle.net/10.48470/7%0A1

Duarte, C. M., Holmer, M., Olsen, Y., Soto, D., Marbà, N., Guiu, J., Black, K., & Karakassis, I. (2009). Will the oceans help feed humanity? BioScience, 59(11), 967–976. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.11.8

Dyachenko, A., Mitchell, J., & Arsem, N. (2017). Extraction and identification of microplastic particles from secondary wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. Analytical Methods, 9(9), 1412–1418. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02397e

Egbeocha, C. O., Malek, S., Emenike, C. U., & Milow, P. (2018). Feasting on microplastics: Ingestion by and effects on marine organisms. Aquatic Biology, 27, 93–106. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00701

Erlangga, E., Ezraneti, R., Ayuzar, E., Adhar, S., Salamah, S., & Lubis, H. B. (2022). Identifikasi Keberadaan Mikroplastik Pada Insang dan Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp) di TPI Belawan. Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 15(3), 206–215. https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v15i3.11746

Fitriyah, A., Syafrudin, S., & Sudarno, S. (2022). Identifikasi Karakteristik Fisik Mikroplastik di Sungai Kalimas, Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 21(3), 350–357. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.21.3.350-357

Gad, A. K., & Midway, S. R. (2022). Relationship of Microplastics to Body Size for Two Estuarine Fishes. Microplastics, 1(1), 211–220. https://doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1010014

Gjedrem, T., Robinson, N., & Rye, M. (2012). The importance of selective breeding in aquaculture to meet future demands for animal protein: A review. Aquaculture, 350–353, 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.008

Hajisamae, S., Soe, K. K., Pradit, S., Chaiyvareesajja, J., & Fazrul, H. (2022). Feeding habits and microplastic ingestion of short mackerel, Rastrelliger brachysoma, in a tropical estuarine environment. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 105(2), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01221-z

Halle, A., Ladirat, L., Gendre, X., Goudounèche, D., Pusineri, C., Routaboul, C., Tenailleau, C., Perez, E., Halle, A., Ladirat, L., Gendre, X., Goudounèche, D., & Pusineri, C. (2019). Understanding the Fragmentation Pattern of Marine Plastic Debris. Environmental science & technology, 50(11), pp.5668-5675.

Hermawan, R., Adel, Y. S., Mubin, M., Salanggon, A. M., Aristawati, A. T., Renol, R., Pramita, E. A., Dewanto, D. K., Syahril, M., Muliadin, M., & Ula, R. (2023). Analisis Cemaran Mikroplastik Di Pesisir Teluk Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. JAGO TOLIS : Jurnal Agrokompleks Tolis, 3(2), 68. https://doi.org/10.56630/jago.v3i2.294

Hermawan, R., Adel, Y. S., & Syahril, M. (2021). Kajian Mikroplastik pada Ikan Konsumsi Masyarakat di Teluk Palu , Sulawesi Tengah Microplastic on Local Fish Consumption in Palu Bay , Central Sulawesi. Journal of Marine Research, 11(2), pp.267-276.

Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C., & Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(6), 3060–3075. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031505

Hidayati, N. V., Rachman, F. O. B., Muslih, Hidayat, R. R., Meinita, M. D. N., Hendrayana, Husni, I. A., Andriyono, S., & Sanjayasari, D. (2023). Microplastics contamination in commercial fish landed at Lengkong Fish Auction Point, Central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Water and Land Development, 58, 70–78. https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2023.146599

Jambeck, J., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & K, L. L. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347(6223), 768–771.

Jarmanto, J., Yusfiati, Y., & Elvyra, R. (2014). Morfometrik Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Parang-Parang (Chirocentrus dorab Forsskal 1775) dari Perairan Laut Bengkalis Provinsi Riau . Doctoral Dissertation, Riau University, 3(3), 63–77.

Kang, T., Kim, D., & Oh, J. H. (2021). Ingestion of microplastics by free-living marine nematodes, especially enoplolaimus spp., in mallipo beach, south korea. Plankton and Benthos Research, 16(2), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.16.109

Kapo, F. A., Toruan, L. N. L., & Paulus, C. A. (2020). Permukaan Air Di Perairan Teluk Kupang. Jurnal Bahari Papadak, 1(1), 10–21.

Kurniawan, R. R., Suprijanto, J., & Ridlo, A. (2021). Mikroplastik Pada Sedimen di Zona Pemukiman, Zona Perlindungan Bahari dan Zona Pemanfaatan Darat Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jepara. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 10(2), 189–199. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v10i2.31733

Lin, H. T., Schneider, F., Aziz, M. A., Wong, K. Y., Arunachalam, K. D., Praveena, S. M., Sethupathi, S., Chong, W. C., Nafisyah, A. L., Parthasarathy, P., Chelliapan, S., & Kunz, A. (2024). Microplastics in Asian rivers: Geographical distribution, most detected types, and inconsistency in methodologies. Environmental Pollution, 349(April), 123985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123985

Liro, M., Zielonka, A., & van Emmerik, T. H. M. (2023). Macroplastic fragmentation in rivers. Environment International, 180(May), 108186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108186

Lopes, C., Raimundo, J., Caetano, M., & Garrido, S. (2020). Microplastic ingestion and diet composition of planktivorous fish. Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 5(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10144

Tobing, S. J. B. L, Hendrawan, I. G., & Faiqoh, E. (2020). Karakteristik Mikroplastik pada Ikan Laut Konsumsi yang Didaratkan di Bali. Journal of Marine Research and Technology, 3(2), 102–107. https://doi.org/10.24843/jmrt.2020.v03.i02.p07

Lusher, A. (2015). Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Distribution, Interactions and Effects. In Marine Anthropogenic Litter (pp. 1–447). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3

Mahu, E., Datsomor, W. G., Folorunsho, R., Fisayo, J., Crane, R., Marchant, R., Montford, J., Boateng, M. C., Edusei Oti, M., Oguguah, M. N., & Gordon, C. (2023). Human health risk and food safety implications of microplastic consumption by fish from coastal waters of the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Food Control, 145p . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109503

Mohamed Nor, N. H., & Obbard, J. P. (2014). Microplastics in Singapore’s coastal mangrove ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 79(1–2), 278–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.025

Nakano, H., Alfonso, M. B., Jandang, S., Phinchan, N., Chavanich, S., Viyakarn, V., & Isobe, A. (2024). Influence of monsoon seasonality and tidal cycle on microplastics presence and distribution in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. Science of the Total Environment, 920 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170787

Ningsi, P. D., Sabariah, V., & Lapadi, I. (2023). Identification of Microplastic in Mackerel Fish (Rastrelliger brachysoma) From Lift Net in Lemon Island-Manokwari, West Papua. 2nd International Seminar on Fish and Fisheries Sciences (2nd ISFFS) 2023, July, (pp. 8–10). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28065.99683

Oehlmann, J., Schulte-Oehlmann, U., Kloas, W., Jagnytsch, O., Lutz, I., Kusk, K. O., Wollenberger, L., Santos, E. M., Paull, G. C., VanLook, K. J. W., & Tyler, C. R. (2009). A critical analysis of the biological impacts of plasticizers on wildlife. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 2047–2062. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0242

Oza, J., Rabari, V., Yadav, V. K., Sahoo, D. K., Patel, A., & Trivedi, J. (2024). A Systematic Review on Microplastic Contamination in Fishes of Asia: Polymeric Risk Assessment and Future Prospectives. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 43(4), 671–685. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5821

Purwanegara, M. S., Pinandhika, A. A. N. T., Sun, Y., & Athalia, R. (2023). Analyzing the Factors That Affect the Amount of Plastic Waste. Indonesian Journal of Urban and Environmental Technology, 6(2), 229–257. https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v6i2.16654

Range, D., Scherer, C., Stock, F., Ternes, T. A., & Hoffmann, T. O. (2023). Hydro-geomorphic perspectives on microplastic distribution in freshwater river systems: A critical review. Water Research, Vol 245. 120567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120567

Roch, S., Ros, A. F., Friedrich, C., & Brinker, A. (2021). Microplastic evacuation in fish is particle size‐dependent. Freshwater Biology, 66(5). pp.926-935.

Scacco, U., Mancini, E., Marcucci, F., & Tiralongo, F. (2022). Microplastics in the Deep: Comparing Dietary and Plastic Ingestion Data between Two Mediterranean Bathyal Opportunistic Feeder Species, Galeus melastomus, Rafinesque, 1810 and Coelorinchus caelorhincus (Risso, 1810), through Stomach Content Analysis. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(5). 10, hal 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050624

Seftianingrum, B., Hidayati, I., & Zummah, A. (2023). Identifikasi Mikroplastik pada Air, Sedimen, dan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Sungai Porong, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Jeumpa, 10(1), 68–82. https://doi.org/10.33059/jj.v10i1.7408

Seprandita, C. W., Suprijanto, J., & Ridlo, A. (2022). Kelimpahan Mikroplastik di Perairan Zona Pemukiman, Zona Pariwisata dan Zona Perlindungan Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jepara. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 11(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v11i1.30189

Sridharan, S., Kumar, M., Bolan, N. S., Singh, L., Kumar, S., Kumar, R., & You, S. (2021). Are microplastics destabilizing the global network of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem services? Environmental Research,. 198p,111243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111243

Srinivasa Gopal, T. K. (2020). Foods from the ocean for nutrition, health, and wellness. In Nutritional and Health Aspects of Food in South Asian Countries. INC. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820011-7.00017-4

Sun, X. L., Xiang, H., Xiong, H. Q., Fang, Y. C., & Wang, Y. (2023). Bioremediation of microplastics in freshwater environments: A systematic review of biofilm culture, degradation mechanisms, and analytical methods. Science of the Total Environment, 863(December 2022), 160953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160953

Supit, A., Tompodung, L., & Kumaat, S. (2022). Mikroplastik sebagai Kontaminan Anyar dan Efek Toksiknya terhadap Kesehatan. Jurnal Kesehatan, 13(1), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v13i1.2511

Suwartiningsih, N., Setyowati, I., & Astuti, R. (2020). Microplastics in Pelagic and Demersal Fishes of Pantai Baron, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Jurnal Biodjati, 5(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v5i1.7768

Talsness, C. E., Andrade, A. J. M., Kuriyama, S. N., Taylor, J. A., & Saal, F. S. V. (2009). Components of plastic: Experimental studies in animals and relevance for human health. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 2079–2096. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0281

Tanaka, K., & Takada, H. (2016). Microplastic fragments and microbeads in digestive tracts of planktivorous fish from urban coastal waters. Scientific Reports, 6(September), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34351

Umayah, S. A., & Windusari, Y. (2024). Identifikasi Mikroplastik Pada Sedimen di Perairan SungaiMusi Wilayah Kabupaten Banyuasin. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 16(September), 10–19.

Upadhyay, K., & Bajpai, S. (2023). Abundance, Characteristics, and Microplastics Load in Informal Urban Drainage System Carrying Intermixed Liquid Waste Streams. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 22(4), 1723–1746. https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2023.v22i04.004

Valdez-Cibrián, A., Kozak, E. R., & Franco-Gordo, C. (2024). Microplastic ingestion in marine mesozooplankton species associated with functional feeding traits. Marine Environmental Research, 200(May).111243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106650

Waldman, W. R., & Rillig, M. C. (2020). Microplastic Research Should Embrace the Complexity of Secondary Particles. Environmental Science and Technology, 54(13), 7751–7753. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02194

Wei, X. F., Bohlén, M., Lindblad, C., Hedenqvist, M., & Hakonen, A. (2021). Microplastics generated from a biodegradable plastic in freshwater and seawater. Water Research, 198, 117123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117123

Yona, D., Maharani, M., Cordova, M., Elvania, Y., & Dharmawan, I. (2020). Analisis Mikroplastik di Insang dan Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Karang di Tiga Pulau Kecil dan Terluar Papua, Indonesia: Kajian Awal. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 12(2), 497–507.